Evaluation of the Nutritional Content of Two Varieties of Fresh and Silage-Processed Pitahaya Stems as an Alternative Animal Feed

Abstract

The pitahaya (Selenicereus spp.) crop is notable for its adaptation to arid conditions and its productive potential. The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional content of pitahaya stems (Selenicereus undatus and Selenicereus costaricensis) in both fresh and silage forms. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement, considering variety and preservation state as factors, and analyzing bromatological variables such as moisture, dry matter, ash, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, organic matter, Brix degrees, and protein. The results showed that in the fresh state, S. costaricensis had higher moisture (93.7%) and protein (0.74) content, while S. undatus had higher values for dry matter (9.78%), carbohydrates (7.08%), and ash (0.34%). Regarding the ensiled state, both varieties showed an increase in nutrient concentration, with S. undatus standing out for its higher dry matter content (11.4%), carbohydrate content (8.29%), and Brix degrees (7.5°), indicating an improvement in the material’s energy value. analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p<0.0001) for variables such as moisture, dry matter, and Brix degrees, influenced by both the variety and the silage process. It was concluded that pitahaya stems have high moisture content and low protein levels; their use is intended as an energy supplement that is rich in fiber and low in protein.